AGP Executive Report

Sudan Peace & Diplomacy: Arab League chief Nabil Fahmy met UN envoy Pekka Haavisto to push de-escalation, protect civilians, and restart a Sudanese-led political process, following a Khartoum visit by a UN–AU–Arab League–EU–IGAD mechanism. Human Rights & War Crimes: Rights groups renewed calls at the UN Human Rights Council for an independent probe into chemical weapons allegations in Sudan and urgent protection for civilians. Security & Civil Society: Sudan’s Teachers’ Committee says a North Kordofan teacher was detained after demanding salary arrears and better working conditions, urging authorities to reveal his whereabouts and release him. Daily Life & Economy: Fuel prices rose in White Nile State amid shortages, while Bankak app glitches continued to frustrate millions of users with failed transfers and frozen service. International Spotlight: A major report alleges Sudan’s military built a secret chemical weapons stockpile, including chlorine-related plans, raising fresh pressure for accountability. Regional Context: BRICS leaders adopted the New Delhi Declaration, with Sudan mentioned alongside broader calls for UN reform and global cooperation.

Sudan Peace & Rights: BRICS leaders meeting in New Delhi adopted the New Delhi Declaration, expressing “grave concern” over Sudan’s worsening humanitarian crisis and calling for an immediate, permanent ceasefire, unhindered aid access, and dialogue-led resolution. UN Sanctions: The UN Security Council unanimously extended the Darfur arms embargo for one month while talks continue on a US push to expand restrictions nationwide. Humanitarian Pressure: Qatar Charity says it reached over 10 million people across 44 countries in the first half of 2026, with Sudan among its top humanitarian priorities. Diplomacy & Returns: Sudan’s embassy in Rabat launched the first voluntary return flight for Sudanese in Morocco, with Moroccan support, as authorities seek to bring citizens home for reconstruction. War on the Ground: A drone strike on the Umm Ruwaba courthouse in North Kordofan killed 13 civilians and wounded 22, with rights groups urging an independent investigation into possible violations. Regional Power Plays: China is moving early on Sudan’s reconstruction, pursuing port and power deals with the army-backed government while the war continues.

Sudan War & Justice: A drone strike on the Umm Ruwaba courthouse in North Kordofan killed 13 civilians and wounded 22, with witnesses and Sudanese groups blaming the RSF and calling for an independent investigation into possible war crimes. UN Sanctions: The UN Security Council unanimously extended the Darfur arms embargo for one month while talks continue on a US push to expand restrictions nationwide; Russia and Sudan’s ambassador oppose broadening. BRICS Diplomacy: BRICS leaders adopted the New Delhi Declaration, expressing grave concern over Sudan’s worsening humanitarian crisis and the growing risk of extremism and terrorism, and calling for an immediate, permanent ceasefire plus unhindered aid access. AI & Sudan Links: Anthropic says a UAE-linked influence operation used its Claude AI to target the Muslim Brotherhood and UN experts over alleged UAE involvement in the Sudan war, adding to scrutiny of foreign meddling. Regional Power Tensions: Algeria severed ties with the UAE and restricted UAE aircraft, underscoring a wider North Africa–Sahel rivalry that has also touched Sudan-related interests. Humanitarian Reach: Qatar Charity reported humanitarian and development work reaching over 10 million people across 44 countries, including support for crises in Sudan.

UN Sanctions: The UN Security Council unanimously extended the Darfur arms embargo for one month while talks continue on a US push for a nationwide ban, with Russia warning it will block any broadening. Chemical Weapons Scrutiny: New reporting and calls for EU action keep pressure on Sudan’s alleged chlorine weapons program, as Sudan denies wrongdoing and says any chlorine stocks are for civilian water purification. AI Influence on Sudan: Anthropic says it disrupted a UAE-linked AI influence operation using its Claude system to target the Muslim Brotherhood and UN experts critical of Abu Dhabi’s alleged role in the Sudan war. Diplomacy Signals: Egypt’s Sisi and Russia’s Putin stressed de-escalation and reaffirmed that Sudan’s security, unity and sovereignty are “red lines,” backing political settlement efforts. Humanitarian Reality: Aid and health access remain strained as insecurity and funding cuts worsen conditions across Sudan, with displacement and clinic closures highlighted by medical groups.

Sudan War & Displacement: More than 700,000 internally displaced people are sheltering in Tawila, North Darfur, as families flee fighting and insecurity in North Kordofan, arriving after weeks of hunger, thirst, and shortages of shelter materials. Health Crisis: Sudan’s health system is buckling under conflict and aid cuts as cholera, dengue, and malaria outbreaks spread across multiple states, with Darfur and Kordofan hit hardest by renewed cholera. Food & Environment: A report warns Sudan’s food production is already being undermined by war and environmental damage, while new research links weakening Atlantic currents to a potential global food squeeze. Chemical Weapons Pressure: Rights groups and experts are renewing calls for a chlorine attack inquiry and a stronger chemical weapons response, as allegations continue to surface. International Diplomacy: The UN and regional partners are pushing Sudan peace talks in Khartoum, but civil society groups reject dialogue plans they say could be used as cover for the war. UAE Influence & AI Misuse: Anthropic says a UAE-linked operation used Claude AI to target the Muslim Brotherhood and to shape narratives around Sudan and UN scrutiny, raising new concerns about covert influence.

Sudan Peace Process: Sudan’s Sovereignty Council chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan said the national dialogue will exclude the military and rule out any RSF role after the war, while also warning an arms embargo at the UN Security Council would not pass and would not change the army’s battlefield position. Civil Society Pushback: Sudanese civil society groups rejected El Burhan’s proposed Sudanese-Sudanese dialogue as “political cover,” saying a process run under war leadership cannot bring legitimacy or peace. Chemical Weapons Pressure: Rights groups and chemical weapons experts renewed calls for an international inquiry into allegations of chlorine attacks in Sudan, citing reports of a chlorine weapons programme and urging OPCW involvement. Humanitarian Strain: Aid cuts are forcing clinic closures and shrinking healthcare access for millions, as Sudan’s war-driven blackouts and rising costs deepen the crisis.

Chemical Weapons Watch: Rights groups and former OPCW officials are pushing the UN Human Rights Council for an independent probe into alleged chemical weapons use in Sudan, including chlorine claims backed by witness accounts and new reporting. Explainer—Chlorine as a Weapon: A detailed look at how chlorine can be weaponized and what exposure can do, as legal and accountability questions intensify. Peace Process: The international “Quintet” wrapped Khartoum talks, rejecting parallel governing structures and saying there is “no military solution,” while urging a Sudanese-led political track to protect civilians. Humanitarian Strain: Aid cuts are leaving millions with less support, and cholera response efforts continue amid shortages, including a vaccination drive in Tawila, North Darfur. Displacement & Shelter: Hundreds of thousands remain without adequate shelter at Tawila camp as relief tents struggle to keep up with needs. Returns from Egypt: Nearly 400 Sudanese returned home from Egypt under a voluntary program, with attention on students and teachers to restart the school year. Regional Politics: Algeria cut diplomatic ties with the UAE, accusing Abu Dhabi of hostile interference—an issue repeatedly linked to regional tensions.

Sudan Peace Diplomacy: Sudan’s Sovereignty Council chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan met the Quintet Mechanism delegation (UN, AU, EU, Arab League, IGAD) in Khartoum to discuss peace efforts and a political process, with the AU panel head Mohamed Ibn Chambas stressing there is “no military solution” and calling for concrete steps to protect civilians. Humanitarian Crisis: UN partners backed a cholera vaccination drive in North Darfur’s Tawila for 95,000 displaced people, while insecurity continues to drive new displacement—over 4,500 people fled North Darfur and Blue Nile in recent days, including 1,275 from Um Baru and 3,315 from Geisan. Chemical Weapons Spotlight: Former OPCW officials told Euronews they heard credible accounts of chemical weapons use by Sudan Armed Forces in 2024–2025, including an alleged attack near Khartoum’s Al Jili Oil Refinery, urging an OPCW investigation as SAF denies the claims. Local Governance & Society: A coalition of Sudanese political forces rejected a proposed SAF-led national dialogue, saying it would legitimize war-made realities and should instead prioritize ending the fighting first.

Sudan Displacement: IOM reports over 4,500 people uprooted in North Darfur and Blue Nile as insecurity worsens, including 1,275 fleeing Um Baru villages and 3,315 displaced in a single day from Geisan locality. Drone Attacks in Kordofan: A drone strike in North Kordofan’s Um Rawaba killed at least 13 and injured 22, hitting a market area, courthouse grounds, and nearby homes. Chemical Weapons Claims: A new investigation says witness accounts point to possible chlorine use in Sudan between 2024 and 2025, urging an independent probe amid reports of a hidden programme. Health System Under Strain: MSF warns Sudan’s clinics are closing as humanitarian funding cuts bite, pushing patients to travel farther and threatening remaining hospitals. Politics and Peace Talks: A Sudanese coalition rejects El Burhan’s proposed national dialogue, saying it would legitimize war-made power and should instead focus first on ending fighting. Education Under Attack: On Sept. 9, officials highlight how conflict keeps millions of children out of school, with Sudan cited among the worst-affected. Regional Defense Cooperation: Sudan’s defense chief meets Indonesia in Jakarta to discuss training and personnel exchanges.

Sudan Health Crisis: Médecins Sans Frontières warns Sudan’s healthcare system is nearing collapse as global aid cuts force clinic closures, with USAID shutdowns leaving many providers unable to replace funding and patients facing longer, riskier trips for care. North Kordofan Drone Attack: A drone strike in Um Rawaba, North Kordofan killed at least 13 people and injured 22, hitting a market area, a courthouse complex and nearby homes, according to Sudan Doctors Network. RSF vs UN Probe: An RSF-aligned government, Sudan Founding Alliance (Tasees), rejects a UN fact-finding report as biased, disputing claims about cross-border support networks and alleged SAF violations, including chemical weapons allegations. Chemical Weapons Claims: A new dossier based on leaked materials alleges Sudan’s army used chlorine-based munitions, raising calls for stronger international action and accountability. Food Security Pressure: Farmers in South Kordofan and Darfur report rainfall shortages and dry spells threatening the agricultural season, with crop damage and rising grain prices feared. Regional Diplomacy: Indonesia’s defense minister met Sudan’s counterpart in Jakarta for closed-door talks on defense cooperation and military education.

Sudan Health Crisis: Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) warns that Sudan’s healthcare system is on the brink of collapse as international aid funding cuts force clinics and hospitals to shut, leaving patients with fewer options and longer, more dangerous journeys for care. Humanitarian Access: MSF says about 37% of health facilities are nonoperational and that the UN response plan is only 41% funded, with millions facing crisis-level hunger. Darfur Justice: The ICC heard calls for “effective and tangible” reparations for Darfur victims linked to Ali Kushayb, including return support, medical help, education, and income projects. Food and Water Pressure: Farmers in South Kordofan and Darfur report drought-like conditions and dry spells threatening the agricultural season, while El Obeid in North Kordofan faces a worsening drinking-water crisis and soaring prices amid accusations of official neglect. Displacement and Famine Risk: A displaced people coordination group warns food insecurity is worsening daily as markets collapse, the Sudanese pound weakens, and humanitarian delivery becomes harder. Peace Talks: The Quintet initiative is set for its first visit to Khartoum to hold consultations on a civilian-led political process.

Chemical Weapons Watch: Leaked U.S.-linked reports and leaked Sudanese military files allege the SAF built and tested chlorine-based munitions in 2024 and used them near Khartoum, with Washington and the EU tightening sanctions while Khartoum denies any toxic-agent use. Diplomatic Pressure: Germany is urged to confront the UAE’s alleged Sudan role publicly during a Berlin meeting, after a UN fact-finding mission said RSF-linked atrocities bear “hallmarks of genocide.” Humanitarian & Rights: Ethiopia faces rising pressure on independent journalism, with officials framing reporting on abuses as a threat to national security. Regional Security: Iraq’s Coordination Framework weapons talks were postponed after Al-Nujaba failed to attend, with a September 30 deadline tied to state control and the end of the foreign coalition presence. Climate & Food Security: A new analysis warns climate shocks to farmland, water, and food can fuel instability when institutions are weak.

Chemical Weapons Allegations: US media reports leaked files alleging Sudanese Armed Forces ran a chlorine-based chemical weapons program, including bomb blueprints, tests, and a cover-up, with communications suggesting senior awareness—sparking renewed calls for action and possible expanded sanctions. Human Rights Pressure: As the UN Human Rights Council opens in Geneva, Sudan is set to feature among key crises on the agenda, adding diplomatic pressure amid the chemical weapons claims. War’s Power Fallout: In Khartoum and Omdurman, war-driven blackouts are pushing families toward solar power, but high costs keep many shut out, worsening daily life and education disruptions. Regional Spillover: A report warns Sudan’s conflict is becoming a regional pressure system, pulling in neighbors, Gulf interests, drone activity, and weapons routes across the Red Sea to the Sahel. Local Justice in Juba: Riek Machar’s defense in the Nasir violence trial says their clients face life-threatening threats and seeks protective measures and an independent investigation.

Chemical Weapons Watch: A new dossier claims Sudan’s army developed and concealed chlorine-based chemical weapons, including chlorine diverted from a water-treatment plant near Khartoum, renewing calls for urgent international action. Humanitarian Pressure: The UN Human Rights Council opens in Geneva with Sudan among key crisis topics, as civil groups urge expanding the arms embargo nationwide over drone strikes on hospitals, camps, schools and markets. Displacement in Blue Nile: IOM reports nearly 1,700 more people displaced in Al-Kurmuk locality after worsening insecurity tied to RSF and SPLM-N attacks. Frontline Update (North Kordofan): Sudanese army units reportedly seized Hamrat al-Wiz, a commercial hub and export-route node, as RSF paramilitaries fled. Health Crisis (West Kordofan): A cholera outbreak in Al-Udayyah locality has killed at least 23 and infected 310+ people, with medicine and transport shortages worsening conditions. Power Strain & Solar Push: With war-driven blackouts, families in Khartoum-area cities are turning to solar, but high costs keep many out.

Blue Nile Displacement: The UN migration agency says insecurity in Sudan’s Blue Nile has displaced about 1,690 people from villages in Al-Kurmuk locality, pushing families toward Baw as the situation stays “tense and volatile.” Chemical Attack Claims: A witness account describes people struggling to breathe after a reported chemical attack, adding to mounting allegations of chemical warfare risks. Cholera in West Kordofan: A local relief group reports at least 23 deaths and over 310 cholera cases in Humeir village and Hilla Hussein, warning of medicine and fluid shortages and worsening food conditions. Arms Embargo Push: Sudanese civil society urges the UN Security Council to expand the arms embargo nationwide, citing drone strikes hitting hospitals, camps, schools and markets. Power Crisis, Solar Workarounds: With blackouts worsening, residents in Khartoum and Omdurman are turning to solar, but high costs keep many households out. War Economy Claims: Sudan’s Communist Party says the conflict has deepened economic collapse and entrenched a parallel war economy tied to military and commercial interests.

Electricity & Cost of Survival: Sudan’s war-driven blackouts are pushing Khartoum-area residents toward solar power, but high prices keep many households out of reach, with a typical 10-kilowatt system costing nearly $5,000. Chemical Weapons Claims: New U.S.-linked reporting alleges Sudan’s armed forces produced and tested chlorine-filled munitions and tried to conceal attacks, deepening scrutiny after earlier sanctions. UN Arms Embargo Push: Senior U.S. officials are urging the UN Security Council to adopt a nationwide Sudan arms embargo, warning the country is “descending into hell” as drone warfare and foreign support fuel civilian harm. South Kordofan Violence: Separate attacks in South Kordofan left at least 26 dead and dozens injured, with medics blaming SPLM-N forces in clashes tied to the wider RSF-aligned conflict. Diplomacy Watch: Spain has agreed to appoint a new ambassador to Sudan, but says the Khartoum embassy will stay closed for security reasons. Regional Agenda: The Arab League council opened in Cairo under Tunisia’s chairmanship, with Sudan on the agenda alongside Gaza and Iranian attacks.